Patience, the act of resisting compulsive reaction to emotion-provoking stimuli, is what separates serious investors from capricious speculators. – Jay Hutchins, 2015
Heading into 2014, following five years of positive equity returns, many investors – individuals and professionals alike – felt stocks were dangerously overvalued and overdue for a “correction” (customarily defined as a decline of 10% or more from the previous peak).
A Wall Street Journal columnist warned in January, “The US stock market is more overvalued than it was at the majority of the past century’s peaks, according to six well-known valuation ratios.” Money magazine chimed in, observing that “stock prices by at least one measure are among the frothiest in history.”
The wisdom of reacting to that prediction was initially supported with the 3.56% slide of the S&P 500 Index and the 5.30% drop in the Dow Jones Industrial Average in January. Followers of the so-called January Indicator were quick to point out that a rocky first month often signals poor performance for the remainder of the year. The market’s weak performance in January also appeared to justify the concern that stock prices were out of whack with business conditions. On February 5, a Wall Street Journal reporter observed, “Increasingly, however, it looks like stock markets are off to a terrible start mainly because hopes for economic growth and the profits that go with it got too high.”
As it turned out, stock prices had already touched their low for the year two days earlier, and the S&P 500 Index was destined to rise over 19% from February 3 through December 31. Professional investors were also confident that interest rates would rise in 2014, but the yield on 10-year US Treasury notes instead fell sharply from 3.03% at year-end 2013 to 2.19%.
If one failed to react to the January predictions and market decline, another cause for action arose on October 15th, when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged as much as 460 points during the day before rallying to close with a loss of 173 points. At that point, the Dow was down 2.6% for the year while the S&P 500 clung to a slim gain of 0.76%.
The selloff was front-page news the following day in the New York Times, which observed, “The party is over. Waves of nervous selling buffeted the stock market in the United States on Wednesday, after a steep sell-off in Europe... Since their peak a month ago, American stocks have lost over $2 trillion in value, losses that may ripple through the wider economy... The faltering global recovery after the 2008 financial crisis may now be in jeopardy, particularly in Europe.”
Many investors braced themselves for a continuing slide in stock prices that never occurred. Year-to-date stock returns were back in the plus column the following day and kept rising through December.
While many Wall Street experts fretted all year over monetary policy and valuation ratios, companies on Main Street plodded along, generally selling more goods and services, earning larger profits, and sending bigger dividend checks to shareholders. Twenty-eight of the 30 firms in the Dow Jones Industrial Average paid a higher dividend at year-end 2014 compared to the previous year, with an average increase of 11.65%.
Stock returns in non-US markets were generally positive in 2014, but with a wide range of results. Among 45 developed and emerging markets tracked by MSCI, total return expressed in local currency ranged from 38.66% in Israel to -31.59% in Greece. Thirty-five non-US markets had positive returns, including 17 with higher returns than the US. With so many pessimistic discussions of the European economy in recent months, many investors might be surprised to learn that stocks in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, and Sweden outperformed US stocks when expressed in local currency.
Appreciation of the US dollar relative to every major currency significantly penalized net results for US investors. Even the Swiss franc, long associated with fiscal rectitude, slumped relative to the US dollar. Total return for the MSCI World ex USA Index (gross dividends) was 6.80% in local currency but -3.88% in US dollar terms.
The recent strength of the US dollar stands in stark contrast to the gloomy predictions we heard from some quarters just a few years ago. For example, in the book Aftershock, published in 2011, the authors argued that the financial crisis of 2008–2009 was “relatively small compared to the coming dollar crisis” and predicted that this “unsustainable currency bubble” was destined to burst with disastrous consequences.
Exchange rates fluctuate in unpredictable ways, and it would not be surprising to see such arguments resurface in a few years, particularly after a prolonged period of dollar weakness.
The year 2014 was a challenging one in many respects, but perhaps the biggest challenge was to resist the urge to react to the cascade of news events and opinions that suggested action of some sort was imperative for financial success.
Special thanks to Weston Wellington for his contribution to this article.
